塞繆爾·約翰遜(Samuel Johnson)是我很喜歡的一個文學人物。他的人設比他的文字來得有趣。令他名聲大噪的,是他編寫的第一本英文字典。但是我在本文想講別的——他的人設。《約翰遜傳》(The Life of Samuel Johnson)將他認真思考同可笑一面表露無遺。他的喜感某程度來自他的外貌。他不時會抽搐痙攣。當他在印刷商任職作家時,因為他的食相和抽搐,他被安排到一道屏風後工作。
他的食相是這樣的:
原文:When at table, he was totally absorbed in the business of the moment; his looks seemed rivetted to his plate; nor would he, unless when in very high company, say one word, or even pay the least attention to what was said by others, till he had satisfied his appetite, which was so fierce, and indulged with such intenseness, that while in the act of eating, the veins of his forehead swelled, and generally a strong perspiration was visible.
簡譯:用餐時,他完全專注於眼前的食物;目光彷彿釘在盤子上。除非在極高規格的場合,否則在填飽肚子之前,他一句話也不說,甚至對旁人說的話毫不在意。他的食慾極為旺盛,吃得又極其投入,以致進食時額頭血管脹起,通常還大汗淋漓。
如果讀這本書久了,你會不禁對約翰遜有一絲同情和敬重。我建議大家把《約翰遜傳》「掏空」(英語的 ’gutting’ 十分到位,有如抽出書的內臟、精華)來讀,這恰恰也是約翰遜自己偏愛的閱讀方式。他從不從頭到尾把一本書讀完,只專注於那些令他著迷的段落。
當他的好友 James Elphinston 問起他對某本書的看法時,約翰遜對「應該讀完整本」的暗示感到不快:
原文:Mr. Elphinston talked of a new book that was much admired, and asked Dr. Johnson if he had read it. JOHNSON: “I have looked into it.” “What,” said Elphinston, “have you not read it through?” Johnson, offended at being thus pressed, and so obliged to own his cursory mode of reading, answered tartly, “No, Sir, do you read books through?”
簡譯:Elphinston 先生談到一本備受讚賞的新書,問約翰遜博士有沒有讀過。約翰遜說:「我翻過。」Elphinston 問:「什麼?你沒讀完?」約翰遜被這樣追問,被迫承認自己走馬看花式的讀法,便尖刻地答道:「沒有,先生。難道你把書都從頭讀到尾嗎?」
約翰遜無疑是個機智過人、極具喜感的文學人物。他受妥瑞氏症困擾,常會抽搐痙攣;當他還是校師時,學生兼日後摯友的 Garrick(日後一位出名的莎劇演員) 模仿並取笑他的動作。 他走路時必須觸碰每一盞路燈,否則就要折返重來;還有個古怪習慣:他似乎不吃橙的果肉但擠乾橙汁後,會橙皮留在口袋裡。他朋友問他拿些橙皮做甚麼時,他拒絕回答。
他的自尊心強到近乎荒謬。年幼時,某天放學,家中僕人遲到沒來接他回家,他不耐煩便自己走回去。老師擔心出事,悄悄跟在後面。當時他已近視嚴重,不得不俯身趴下,手膝並用,先看清水溝才敢跨過去。 當發現老師跟在身後,他便怒氣沖沖跑回去,盡力所能地毆打她。
約翰遜在牛津就讀不久,便因無力負擔學費而離開(因此嚴格來說他並未取得學士學位)。 有位同儕或朋友見他鞋子破爛,送他一雙新鞋,他卻勃然大怒,把鞋子扔出門外。
原文:Mr. Bateman's lectures were so excellent, that Johnson used to come and get them at second-hand from Taylor, till his poverty being so extreme that his shoes were worn out, and his feet appeared through them, he saw that this humiliating circumstance was perceived by the Christ Church men, and he came no more. He was too proud to accept of money, and somebody having set a pair of new shoes at his door, he threw them away with indignation. How must we feel when we read such an anecdote of Samuel Johnson!
簡譯:Bateman 的講課極為出色,約翰遜常透過 Taylor 複述來聽老師的課;直到他貧困到極點,鞋子磨破、腳趾從洞中露出,他察覺基督學院的人注意到他的窘境,便不再去聽課。他自尊心太強,不肯接受金錢援助;有人把一雙新鞋放在他門口,他竟憤而丟棄。讀到約翰遜的這則軼事,我們應該有什麼感想!
我十七歲時第一次讀這本書,同時也在讀 Percy B. Shelley 的傳記。就個人魅力而言,我相信雪萊比他自己的作品更值得細讀、也更引人入勝(我日後會再寫他),儘管浪漫派詩歌並非我所愛。 雪萊會把麵包放進口袋,花數小時在花草中構思詩句;而約翰遜,帶著他抽搐的顫動,撼動了英語語言的歷史,也重塑了「文人」的形象。
